The effects of rural labour migration process on occupational distribution, family facilities and livelihoods

The effects of rural labour migration process on occupational distribution, family facilities and livelihoods

Saha Akash¹ and Adhikary M M²

¹Masters Student, Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,

Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal

²Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,

Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal

Abstract— Migration of human beings is a phenomenon which has historical roots and wider implications.  Migrations have economic genesis but resulting socio-political cultural ramifications. In economic parlance, migration is perceived as when a person is engaged or likely to engage in a remunerative activity in a place of which he is not a native or national. The migrants send remittances to their relatives in the rural areas and these remittance-receiving households use the remittances for various purposes. With this background keeping in mind the present study was conducted with some objectives, such as, to recognize the changing pattern of occupational scenario of the study area; to identify the changes of family facilities before and after migration and to compare the income differences before and after migration. The study was conducted on 100 numbers of respondents in three villages named Chengerkuthi Khalisamari, Jatamari, and Choto Khalisamari under Khalisamari Gram Panchayat of Coochbehar district of West Bengal. The statistical method used for analysis and interpretation of raw data were mean, frequency percentage and paired   ‘t’ test.  It is noticeable due to high remunerative and regularity of income, the youth and middle aged group are more attracted for migration. The study also reveals migration process transformed the occupational distribution of the respondents massively. The income variation factor before and after migration are also in favour of migration. It is evident that after migration the family daily life standard changed towards a positive direction. The number of cell phone users and bank account holder also increased.

Keywords— Family daily life standard, Migration, Per-capita income, Rural Labour.

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First record of two spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (Fab.) from Meerut (U.P.) North India

First record of two spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (Fab.) from Meerut (U.P.) North India

C.S. Prasad¹, Rishi Pal²

¹Professor & Head Deptt. of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut – 250 110, (U.P.), India

²Field Assistant, Deptt. of Entomolog, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut – 250 110, (U.P.), India

Abstract— Spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus female bug lays 25-30 rounded black eggs. Eggs hatch in 5-6 days. The 1st instar nymph lasts for 3.33 days (ranged 3-4 days), however the second instar nymphal period is completed in 3.67 days (ranged 3-4 days), while the 3rd instar takes 4 days (ranged 4 days). The 4th and final instars nymph lasts for 4.67 days (4-5 days), however adult period lasts 6.67 days (ranged 6-7 days). The P. bioculatus was found to complete its life cycle on an average in 22.33 days (ranged 20-24 days) in the laboratory. In a laboratory experiment on feeding potential of different stages of bug showed that a single bug consumed 22.0 grubs (ranged 20-22 grubs) during its life period. This bug is recorded as a limiting factor of Z. bicolorata.

Keywords— First record of two spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus.

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Cost and Return Analysis of Local Chicken Marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Cost and Return Analysis of Local Chicken Marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Jimjel. Zalkuwi¹, Udhav Prasad Singh², Amita Maurya³, Asabe Ibrahim⁴

^1,3Research Scholars Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural science, BHU, Varanasi-221 005.

²Assitant Professor cum junior scientist, Department of Agricultural Economics T.C.A Dholi, RAU Pusa, Samastipur Bihar

⁴Research Scholars Department of Statistics, Faculty of  science, BHU, Varanasi-221 005.

Abstract— The study examined the cost and return of local chicken marketing in Mubi north local government area of Adamawa state. Data were collected from 120 respondents with aid of structured questionnaire using purposive and random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, net income analysis, marketing efficiency (ME) were the analytical tools employed. The result revealed that local chicken marketing in the study area is mostly undertaken by the male gender (85%) who were in their active age between the age of 30-60 years. Majority of them had one form of formal education or the other and have marketing experience of more than five years. On the profitability of the enterprise a total variable cost ₦7887.00 was estimated using 2014 price of input and output. Cost of transportation accounting for 72.84%. The total revenue from the enterprise was estimated ₦13, 100 given the net income of ₦5213 an indication that the enterprise is profitable. A high marketing efficiency of 160% was computed an indication that the profit maximization motive of local chicken marketing is assured. It is recommended that the marketers should be motivated and encouraged with soft loans so as to expand their production.

Keywords— Cost and return, marketing efficiency, Mubi, Adamawa state.

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Assessment and Refinement of Hybrid Rice Seed Production Technology in Farmers Fields

Assessment and Refinement of Hybrid Rice Seed Production Technology in Farmers Fields

Kanaka Durga¹, K and R Ankaiah²

Seed Research and Technology Center, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 30

Abstract— Survey in hybrid rice seed production areas of Karimnagar and Warangal district were collected and the information revealed that major deviations in farmer’s practice as compared with the technology being recommended by the ANGRAU/ DRR. The per cent increase over ANGRAU/DRR practice used for hybrid seed production of paddy by farmers practice were 3.39, 31.15 and 28.04 for filled spikelets panicle-1, spikelet fertility an dgrain yield respectively. Further farmers practice has shown better performance for quality hybrid rice production  than ANGRAU practice.

Keywords— Hybrid rice, farmers practice and ANGRAU/DRR practice.

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On farm assessment of short duration rice variety Sahabhagidhan

On farm assessment of short duration rice variety  Sahabhagidhan

T. K . Samant¹, B. Mohanty², B. C. Dhir³

^1,2,3Krishi Vigyan Kendra (OUAT), Angul-759132(Odisha), India

Abstract— The  study was carried out through on farm testing  during  kharif  seasons  of  2012  and  2013  under mid central table land zone of Odisha with an objective to evaluate the  performances  of  short duration  paddy  Sahabhagi dhan as compared to the farmer’s practice (Khandagiri).  The late matured (98.3 days)  Sahabhagi dhan  recorded  higher  germination(48.4 m-2), plant height(87.5 cm), effective tillers plant-1(13.2), Length of panicle(22.6 cm), filled grains panicle-1(125.3) with spikelet fertility(93.65 %) and 1000 grain weight(22.3 g)  than khandagiri. The same also produced grain yield 35.5 q ha-1 which is 28.6 % higher yield than  Khandagiri with harvest index ( 47.9) and water productivity(3.17 kg mm-1). The variety   gave higher gross return  Rs. 50365 ha-1 with a benefit- cost ratio 1.38 and  additional net return  Rs.6059 ha-1 as compared to farmers practice and  thus the existing  variety Khandagiri can be replaced by  Sahabhagi dhan for higher productivity and  income.

Keywords— Economics,  effective tillers,  on farm testing,  paddy,  water productivity

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